{"id":23646,"date":"2026-08-03T06:30:28","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T06:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/?p=23646"},"modified":"2026-08-03T06:33:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T06:33:30","slug":"historie-krize-volkswagenu-tu-uz-byla-jen-reseni-bylo-jine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/?p=23646","title":{"rendered":"Historie: Krize Volkswagenu tu u\u017e byla, jen \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo jin\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina zpr\u00e1v, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se koncernu Volkswagen je v posledn\u00ed, kulantn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, hodn\u011b nedobr\u00fdch. O pr\u00e1ci maj\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed desetitis\u00edce lid\u00ed, n\u011bkolik tov\u00e1ren m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zav\u0159eno a prezentovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nejsou optimistick\u00e1.\u00a0 V t\u00e9to souvislosti m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkoho napadnout, \u017ee se bohu\u017eel \u0159e\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledky a v\u016fbec ne p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vznikl\u00e9ho stavu.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

A co v\u00edc, podobn\u011b se nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00favaha, \u017ee probl\u00e9my \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ti, kte\u0159\u00ed je v podstat\u011b zp\u016fsobili. P\u0159itom norm\u00e1ln\u00ed je, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo zp\u016fsob\u00ed velkou \u0161kodu, v dan\u00e9 funkci urychlen\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mu je \u0161koda p\u0159edeps\u00e1na k n\u00e1hrad\u011b. Dnes je ale b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee ti, co zp\u016fsobili sv\u00fdmi \u0161patn\u00fdmi rozhodnut\u00edmi miliardov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za to milionov\u00e9 odm\u011bny a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odchodu zlat\u00e9 pad\u00e1ky.<\/p>\r\n

Za v\u0161\u00edm jsou vid\u011bt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed lid\u00e9<\/strong>
Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed bylo spojen\u00e9 s dvacetilet\u00fdm \u0159editelov\u00e1n\u00edm profesora Heinricha Nordhoffa, kter\u00fd sice postavil VW na nohy, ale koncepce pohonu vzduchem chlazen\u00fdm \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lcem vzadu mezit\u00edm u\u017e na konkurenci nesta\u010dila. Ten nav\u00edc v dubnu 1968 zem\u0159el a na jeho m\u00edsto p\u0159i\u0161el prof. Kurt Lotz. Za n\u011bj byla koupena automobilka NSU, od kter\u00e9 byl p\u0159evzat\u00fd do v\u00fdroby VW model K70 s motorem vp\u0159edu.<\/p>\r\n

Pod k\u0159\u00eddla VW je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159e\u0161la zna\u010dka Auto Union, a jejich slou\u010den\u00edm vzniklo modern\u00ed Audi. Ani to zna\u010dce VW moc nepomohlo a jeho modely Brouk, Transporter, VW 1500\/1600 ve verz\u00edch sedan, fastback a kombi, VW 411\/412, kup\u00e9\/kabrio Karmann Ghia a vojensk\u00e9ho VW 181 (v\u0161e s motory vzadu), nemohly konkurovat voz\u016fm s klasick\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm motor\u016f vp\u0159edu a pohonem zadn\u00edch kol, ale zejm\u00e9na nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed koncepc\u00ed \u201ev\u0161e vp\u0159edu\u201c.<\/p>\r\n

Hledala se sp\u00e1sa<\/strong>
\u0160patn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky pokra\u010dovaly i pod nov\u00fdm \u0161\u00e9fem Lotzem a firm\u011b hrozil \u00fapadek. Tehdy se bohud\u00edk ne\u0159e\u0161ily probl\u00e9my tak, jako dnes, ale hledal se \u201en\u011bkdo\u201c, kdo tak velk\u00fd kolos zachr\u00e1n\u00ed. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee u\u017e del\u0161\u00ed \u010das v koncernu pracuje mu\u017e, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zku\u0161en\u00fd praktik, s mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdmi organiza\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi, vze\u0161l\u00fd ze \u201eservisu\u201c. Znal perfektn\u011b produkt, procesy odzdola, probl\u00e9my i z\u00e1kazn\u00edky. Pr\u00e1v\u011b on p\u016fsobil na postu, kter\u00fd dnes b\u011b\u017en\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1me krizov\u00fd mana\u017eer. Jeho tehdy ozna\u010dovali za podnikov\u00e9ho hasi\u010de. A firemn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry likvidoval bravurn\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

Kdy\u017e Volkswagen koupil spole\u010dnost Auto Union\/Audi, byl tam vysl\u00e1n pr\u00e1v\u011b tento hasi\u010d, aby firmu reorganizoval a zlep\u0161il jej\u00ed efektivitu. Byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou p\u0159\u00edsnost\u00ed \u2013 traduje se, \u017ee r\u00e1no st\u00e1val u br\u00e1ny tov\u00e1rny a osobn\u011b kontroloval, zda zam\u011bstnanci chod\u00ed v\u010das do pr\u00e1ce. N\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159evzal veden\u00ed probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 brazilsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky VW do Brasil. B\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed let dok\u00e1zal zv\u00fd\u0161it produkci aut v zemi o 50 %. Tento mu\u017e se jmenoval Rudolf Leiding.<\/p>\r\n

Zachr\u00e1nce Volkswagenu <\/strong>
D\u00edky skv\u011bl\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm z Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky byl technicky a obchodn\u011b erudovan\u00fd praktik Rudolf Leiding (*1914) v \u0159\u00edjnu 1971, tehdy je\u0161t\u011b bez \u201edoktor\u00e1t\u016f\u201c a dal\u0161\u00edch titul\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b obdr\u017eel, povol\u00e1n do Wolfsburgu, aby ve funkci p\u0159edsedy p\u0159edstavenstva vyst\u0159\u00eddal Kurta Lotze a za\u010dal hasit po\u017e\u00e1r na \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed. Situace VW byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b kritick\u00e1. Automobilka byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na Broukovi, jeho\u017e prodeje strm\u011b klesaly, a zna\u010dce naprosto chyb\u011bl modern\u00ed n\u00e1stupce.<\/p>\r\n

N\u00e1stup pragmatick\u00e9ho mana\u017eera Leidinga byl i z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu impozantn\u00ed. Z osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee v konstrukci a ve v\u00fdvoji to moc nefunguje a v\u00fdsledky nejsou dobr\u00e9. Jednal proto bleskov\u011b. Ji\u017e necel\u00e9 t\u0159i t\u00fddny po n\u00e1stupu do funkce ud\u011blal \u0159adu radik\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161krt\u016f a okam\u017eit\u011b zastavil n\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj projektu EA266 (co\u017e m\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u00e1stupce Brouka s motorem uprost\u0159ed pod zadn\u00edmi sedadly, kter\u00fd prosazovalo Porsche). Konstrukt\u00e9r\u016fm na\u0159\u00eddil, aby ze v\u0161ech r\u00fdsovac\u00edch prken s okam\u017eitou platnost\u00ed odstranili v\u0161echny rozpracovan\u00e9 v\u00fdkresy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e b\u011bhem dvou hodin odepsal projekty za 280 milion\u016f Marek.<\/p>\r\n

\u0160el na to z gruntu, ale v\u011bd\u011bl, co je t\u0159eba<\/strong>
Byl si v\u011bdom, \u017ee budoucnost pat\u0159\u00ed modern\u00ed koncepci \u2013 motoru vp\u0159edu, chlazen\u00e9m vodou a pohonu p\u0159edn\u00edch kol. Jen\u017ee tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee koncepce z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00fdch motor\u016f, na kter\u00fdch doposud VW intenzivn\u011b pracovalo je zastaral\u00e1, tak\u017ee \u201eobjednal\u201c mal\u00fd \u0159adov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lec OHC ve v\u00fdvoji Porsche. Podobn\u011b mu bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v cel\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 konstrukci VW asi nen\u00ed nikdo schopn\u00fd d\u00e1t dohromady modern\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00fd motor. Ale p\u0159itom v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee tehdy pom\u011brn\u011b mlad\u00fd Raku\u0161an, znojemsk\u00fd rod\u00e1k Peter Hofbauer (*1941) diesely um\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho anga\u017eoval, a tak vznikl slavn\u00fd diesel VW, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1kladech pokra\u010dovaly verze TD a TDI.<\/p>\r\n

A aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, zajel do Tur\u00edna k tehdy sice mlad\u00e9mu, ale u\u017e slavn\u00e9mu Giorgiettu Giugiarovi a objednal u n\u011bj komplet design karoserie. Jak\u00e9 z t\u011bchto krok\u016f bylo ve Wolfsburgu zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed si asi ka\u017ed\u00fd dovede p\u0159edstavit, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kdy\u017e Leiding na v\u0161e po\u017eadoval term\u00edny na tamn\u00ed pom\u011bry naprosto \u0161ibeni\u010dn\u00ed, ale re\u00e1ln\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n

A tak vznikl legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Golf<\/strong>
Sou\u010dasn\u011b pokra\u010doval v\u00fdvoj dal\u0161\u00edch model\u016f a u\u017e v roce 1973 se objevil prvn\u00ed Passat. Byl to ale Golf, kter\u00fd vyt\u00e1hl koncern definitivn\u011b z hlubok\u00e9 krize a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho bankrotu. Pova\u017eme, do funkce nastoupil Rudolf Leiding v \u0159\u00edjnu 1971 a v b\u0159eznu 1974 byla zah\u00e1jena v\u00fdroba modelu, kter\u00fd se stal symbolem nov\u00e9, dlouho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u00e9ry VW.<\/p>\r\n

Ne-p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd konec \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho vizion\u00e1\u0159e <\/strong>
P\u0159esto\u017ee Leiding sv\u00fdmi rozhodnut\u00edmi zajistil Volkswagenu skv\u011blou budoucnost, jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed prov\u00e1zely ostr\u00e9 konflikty. Bylo mu jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdroba VW bude pot\u0159ebovat postupnou automatizaci, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f a ze\u0161t\u00edhlov\u00e1n\u00ed managementu. T\u00edm se ale dost\u00e1val do siln\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f s odbory a dozor\u010d\u00ed radou. V d\u016fsledku stup\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch se spor\u016f Rudolf Leiding kr\u00e1tce po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby Golfu u\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1975 z funkce odstoupil a jeho m\u00edsto p\u0159evzal Toni Schm\u00fccker. Ten stejn\u011b musel prov\u00e9st n\u00e1ro\u010dnou ekonomickou i technickou restrukturalizaci, spojenou s propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, aby se prodeje nov\u00fdch model\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b rozjely.<\/p>\r\n

Dnes je jm\u00e9no Rudolfa Leidinga tak\u0159ka zapomenut\u00e9, on s\u00e1m se do\u017eil 89 let, zem\u0159el v roce 2003 a v Baunatalu, kde s\u00eddl\u00ed ob\u0159\u00ed logistick\u00e9 centrum a z\u00e1vod VW. Tam je po n\u011bm pojmenov\u00e1no n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Dr.-Rudolf-Leiding-Platz.<\/p>\r\n

Karel Ber\u00e1nek<\/strong>
P.S. Tak si jen \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, jak by asi \u0159e\u0161il tento pragmatick\u00fd vizion\u00e1\u0159 sou\u010dasnou krizi, pokud by jej\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm byl pov\u011b\u0159en, a jak by asi skon\u010dil.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bt\u0161ina zpr\u00e1v, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se koncernu Volkswagen je v posledn\u00ed, kulantn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, hodn\u011b nedobr\u00fdch. O pr\u00e1ci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyza","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23646"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23657,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23646\/revisions\/23657"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}