{"id":4212,"date":"2024-05-24T06:37:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T06:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/?p=4212"},"modified":"2024-05-24T06:37:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T06:37:20","slug":"bmw-group-rozsiruje-vyuziti-3d-tisku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/?p=4212","title":{"rendered":"BMW Group roz\u0161i\u0159uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed 3D tisku"},"content":{"rendered":"

BMW Group je s v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 lety zku\u0161enost\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v oblasti aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e jako 3D tisk. 3D tisk\u00e1rny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ji\u017e od roku 1991 k v\u00fdrob\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed automobil\u016f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se jednalo o koncep\u010dn\u00ed vozy, prototypy a z\u00e1vodn\u00ed speci\u00e1ly a pozd\u011bji o s\u00e9riov\u00e9 modely.<\/strong><\/p>\n

BMW Group nyn\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u00ed tak\u00e9 mnoho pracovn\u00edch pom\u016fcek a n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy 3D tisku. Od ort\u00e9z na m\u00edru pro zam\u011bstnance a v\u00fdukov\u00fdch a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch pom\u016fcek a\u017e po velk\u00e1 odleh\u010den\u00e1 robotick\u00e1 chapadla, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad pro mont\u00e1\u017ee st\u0159ech z CFRP a\u00a0cel\u00fdch podlahov\u00fdch sestav.<\/p>\n

V \u201eKampusu pro aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu\u201c v\u00a0Oberschlei\u00dfheimu, centru BMW Group pro v\u00fdrobu, v\u00fdzkum a \u0161kolen\u00ed v oblasti 3D tisku, bylo v roce 2023 \u201evyti\u0161t\u011bno\u201c v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 000 d\u00edl\u016f. Krom\u011b toho bylo ve v\u0161ech tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, od Spartanburgu a\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f a\u017e po tov\u00e1rny v Asii, loni vyrobeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eRostouc\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu BMW Group m\u00e1 mnoho v\u00fdhod. Jsme nap\u0159\u00edklad schopni rychle, hospod\u00e1rn\u011b, flexibiln\u011b a\u00a0udr\u017eiteln\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bt vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pom\u016fcky a manipula\u010dn\u00ed roboty, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme kdykoli individu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm a tak\u00e9 sni\u017eovat jejich hmotnost. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hmotnost umo\u017e\u0148uje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost na v\u00fdrobn\u00ed lince, krat\u0161\u00ed dobu cyklu a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Nav\u00edc lze ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu pou\u017e\u00edvat men\u0161\u00ed roboty, co\u017e rovn\u011b\u017e sni\u017euje emise CO2<\/sub>\u00a0a n\u00e1klady,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jens Ertel, vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby BMW.<\/p>\n

\u201eKrom\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho typu aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 BMW Group ji\u017e \u0159adu let ve sv\u00e9 tov\u00e1rn\u011b v Landshutu k v\u00fdrob\u011b forem tak\u00e9 3D tisk na b\u00e1zi p\u00edsku. Tato technologie se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b prototypov\u00fdch odlitk\u016f i k\u00a0velkos\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b komponent\u016f pro vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 motory. Dal\u0161\u00ed velmi atraktivn\u00ed oblast\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed velkos\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pom\u016fcky,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Klaus Sammer, \u0159editel pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby a produkt\u016f pro odlitky z\u00a0lehk\u00fdch kov\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e9 formy pro hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 hlavy v\u00e1lc\u016f ve velkos\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/strong>
\nAditivn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed procesy se v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b BMW Group v Landshutu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na denn\u00ed b\u00e1zi ji\u017e dlouhou dobu. Ji\u017e mnoho let k nim pat\u0159\u00ed 3D tiskem vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 formy pro hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 hlavy v\u00e1lc\u016f, vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed metodou odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se p\u00edsek opakovan\u011b nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v tenk\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch a slepuje se pomoc\u00ed pojiv. T\u00edm lze vytv\u00e1\u0159et formy pro v\u00fdrobu velmi slo\u017eit\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed, je\u017e se n\u00e1sledn\u011b pln\u00ed zkapaln\u011bn\u00fdm hlin\u00edkem.<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed 3D tisku k v\u00fdrob\u011b velk\u00fdch robotick\u00fdch chapadel pro st\u0159echy z\u00a0CFRP.<\/strong>
\nCentrum pro lehk\u00e9 konstrukce a technologie BMW Group v Landshutu ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b velk\u00fd chapadlov\u00fd prvek, kter\u00fd byl vyroben pomoc\u00ed 3D tisku. Chapadlo pro robota, je\u017e v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 kilogram\u016f, lze vyrobit za pouh\u00fdch 22 hodin a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na lisu p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u0161ech st\u0159ech z uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kompozit\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v modelech BMW M GmbH. Do lisu se nejprve vlo\u017e\u00ed surovina CFRP. Chapadlo se jednodu\u0161e oto\u010d\u00ed o 180 stup\u0148\u016f a\u00a0odeb\u00edr\u00e1 hotov\u00e9 st\u0159echy. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi chapadly je verze vyroben\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed 3D tisku o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 % leh\u010d\u00ed, co\u017e prodlou\u017eilo provozn\u00ed \u017eivotnost robot\u016f, sn\u00ed\u017eilo opot\u0159eben\u00ed syst\u00e9mu a zkr\u00e1tilo intervaly \u00fadr\u017eby. Kombinovan\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed pro dva kroky tak\u00e9 zkr\u00e1tilo dobu cyklu. Jedine\u010dnou vlastnost\u00ed robotick\u00e9ho chapadla je pou\u017eit\u00ed kombinace dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod 3D tisku. Zat\u00edmco vakuov\u00e1 chapadla a svorky pro jehlov\u00e9 chapadlo, kter\u00e9 zvedaj\u00ed CFRP surovinu, jsou vyrobeny pomoc\u00ed selektivn\u00edho laserov\u00e9ho sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed (SLS), velk\u00fd st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a nosn\u00e1 konstrukce jsou vyrobeny pomoc\u00ed velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9ho tisku (LSP). Pomoc\u00ed technologie LSP lze ekonomicky a udr\u017eiteln\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bt velk\u00e9 komponenty. Proces vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vst\u0159ikovac\u00ed granule a recyklovan\u00e9 plasty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt i zbytkov\u00fd materi\u00e1l CFRP, kter\u00fd lze recyklovat. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm prim\u00e1rn\u00edch surovin jsou emise CO2<\/sub>\u00a0p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b chapadla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 60 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00faspora hmotnosti d\u00edky nov\u00e9 generaci bionick\u00fdch chapadel.<\/strong>
\nV l\u00e9t\u011b 2023 byla p\u0159edstavena nov\u00e1, je\u0161t\u011b leh\u010d\u00ed generace chapadel. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem byla p\u0159edchoz\u00ed koncepce chapadel analyzov\u00e1na a topologicky optimalizov\u00e1na, co\u017e vedlo ke vzniku bionick\u00e9ho robotick\u00e9ho chapadla. To kombinuje svrchn\u00ed pl\u00e1t z tisk\u00e1rny LSP s SLS odsava\u010di vzduchu a bionicky optimalizovanou nosnou konstrukc\u00ed. K tomu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 forma s vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi j\u00e1dry pro odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku. Tato forma pot\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0odlit\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 konstrukce. Nov\u00e9 chapadlo je o dal\u0161\u00edch 25 procent leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee cel\u00fd proces v\u00fdroby st\u0159echy z CFRP pro BMW M3 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt proveden pouze jedn\u00edm robotem a nikoli t\u0159emi, jak tomu bylo d\u0159\u00edve. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se pro v\u0161echny st\u0159echy z CFRP vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b BMW Group v Landshutu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dvojit\u00e1 chapadla vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo v r\u00e1mci BMW Group s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm 3D tisku.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 3D ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 chapadlo se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159i konstrukci podvozk\u016f.<\/strong>
\nBMW Group pracuje s chapadly vyroben\u00fdmi procesem 3D tisku tak\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b karoserie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro pr\u00e1ci s dve\u0159mi v tov\u00e1rn\u011b BMW Group Plant Regensburg se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed chapadla vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 procesem LSP. \u201eD\u00edky optimalizovan\u00e9 nosn\u00e9 struktu\u0159e vyroben\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed 3D tisku se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo zv\u00fd\u0161it tuhost chapadla pro manipulaci s dve\u0159n\u00edmi prvky v z\u00e1vod\u011b Regensburg a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit jeho hmotnost. V dal\u0161\u00edch projektech pak bude mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat roboty s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nosnost\u00ed, co\u017e pom\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Florian Rebel, vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdroby dve\u0159\u00ed v Regensburgu.<\/p>\n

BMW Group jde nyn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 mnichovsk\u00e9 tov\u00e1rn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b o krok d\u00e1l. V mate\u0159sk\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b byly ned\u00e1vno pou\u017eity prvn\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159e bionick\u00e9ho robotick\u00e9ho chapadla. Toto chapadlo dok\u00e1\u017ee dr\u017eet a pohybovat celou podlahovou sestavou BMW i4. Pro chapadlo podlahov\u00e9 sestavy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 3D tisk k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed formy pro odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do p\u00edsku, kter\u00e1 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b napln\u00ed tekut\u00fdm hlin\u00edkem. Dr\u017e\u00e1k je optimalizov\u00e1n z hlediska hmotnosti a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nosnosti, se v\u0161emi dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdmi prvky v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 110 kilogram\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 procent leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd konven\u010dn\u00ed typ chapadla. V\u00fdroba pomoc\u00ed odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku do p\u00edsku umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it slo\u017eit\u00e9 konstrukce optimalizovan\u00e9 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. To vede k\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed redukci hmotnosti, tak\u017ee bude mo\u017en\u00e9 ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu pou\u017e\u00edvat men\u0161\u00ed a leh\u010d\u00ed zvedac\u00ed roboty s\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou energie, a t\u00edm i ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed produkc\u00ed emis\u00ed CO2<\/sub>. Markus Lehmann, vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed techniky a robotiky v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b BMW Group v\u00a0Mnichov\u011b: \u201eV mnichovsk\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ujeme vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch pom\u016fcek vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdrobou. Pokud jde o oblast chapadel a\u00a0manipula\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k vybaven\u00ed na\u0161ich zaveden\u00fdch robotick\u00fdch pa\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1stavce vyroben\u00e9 3D tiskem. Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed nahrazujeme kompletn\u00ed syst\u00e9my chapadel vysoce integrovan\u00fdmi a hmotnostn\u011b optimalizovan\u00fdmi nosn\u00fdmi konstrukcemi. P\u0159i manipulaci s kompletn\u00ed podlahovou sestavou BMW i4 n\u00e1m to umo\u017enilo sn\u00ed\u017eit hmotnost kompletn\u00ed robotick\u00e9 pa\u017ee o 30 %, tedy asi o 50 kg, a prodlou\u017eit tak \u017eivotnost na\u0161ich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed inovativn\u00edch softwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/strong>
\nSlo\u017eit\u00e9 bionick\u00e9 struktury se navrhuj\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch generativn\u00edch softwarov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jako je Synera. Spole\u010dnost BMW iVentures do tohoto softwaru, d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho pod n\u00e1zvem Elise, strategicky investovala. Synera umo\u017e\u0148uje rychlou a efektivn\u00ed optimalizaci a nyn\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha oblastech v\u00fdvoje v r\u00e1mci BMW Group. Tento software se vyplat\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i 3D tisku, proto\u017ee topologicky optimalizovan\u00e9 bionick\u00e9 struktury lze d\u00edky vysok\u00e9 flexibilit\u011b procesu 3D tisku prakticky tisknout jedna ku jedn\u00e9. T\u00edm je mo\u017en\u00e9 pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt potenci\u00e1l pro lehk\u00e9 konstrukce. V\u00a0kampusu aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby BMW Group p\u016fsob\u00ed t\u00fdm specialist\u016f na design a\u00a0konstrukci, kte\u0159\u00ed porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 softwarov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed je p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch komponent\u016f. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 poznatky jsou pak pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kampusu p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny d\u00e1le do cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b konstrukce chapadel byly vyvinuty a implementov\u00e1ny speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed postupy, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det a konstrukci nosn\u00e9 struktury do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry automatizovat, a t\u00edm i zrychlit a zefektivnit.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: BMW Press Center<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BMW Group je s v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 lety zku\u0161enost\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v oblasti aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby, zn\u00e1m\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","category-vyroba"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4214,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4212\/revisions\/4214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.automakers.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}